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1A number of art works are believed _____ during World War IIA being stolenB having been stolenC to be stolenD to have b...
1A number of art works are believed _____ during World War IIA being stolenB having been stolenC to be stolenD to have been stolen第一题:D分析:固定句型如It is said that或者是sb/sth is said to be done,believe也是同样的道理,但是这是对过去事情的描述,主语art works 与steal是被动关系,且已经完成,故选择to have been stolen。2In his pioneering work, David explains how languages come into being, _____ that children are the driving forceA being arguedB having arguedC arguingD agued答案:C首先分析主语与动词之间的关系,为主动。David与argue是主动关系。故排除A、D。由题可知是对现在事实的表述,故用表示现在的状态。C答案正确。3Birdwatching is becoming a popular pastime, with almost 3,000,000 of us _____ in our fluttering feathered friendsA absorbedB absorbingC absorbD to absorb答案:A分析:由固定短语be absorbed in sth 去掉谓语动词be 就可得到答案。4The course “World Literature” examines the common people found in quality literature worldwide and _____ a variety of cultural backgroundA introducesB introducingC to introduceD introduced答案:A分析:introduce是与examine并列的谓语。二者应该保持一致。遇到这类问题的话应该首先要分析句子结构,确定动词是作谓语或者不是,如第四题作谓语。如果是非谓语动词的话,如1、2、3,就要确定 主语与谓语之间的关系。是主动还是被动。是对过去的表述还是现在或是将来。进而确定答案。希望对你有帮助。2008高考英语安徽卷独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句中或主句末,常由逗号将其与主句分开。独立主格结构的基本构成形式:名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等)。例如:There being nothing else to do, they have gone away 由于无事可做,他们离开了。(代词+现在分词)独立主格结构的用法:主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如:1、 表示时间His first play a success, he wrote another他第一个剧本成功后,又写了另一个剧本。2、 表示条件The teacher to help us, we will succeed有老师的帮助,我们就能成功。3、表示原因It being Sunday, they had no classes由于是星期天,他们不上课。4、表示伴随情况He lay on his back, his face up and his hands crossed under his head他脸朝天,头枕着手躺着。扩展资料需要注意的问题:1、 独立主格结构中分句和主句的主语不一致。含有独立主格结构的句子,前后主语是不一致的,这也是独立主格结构和非谓语分句作状语的最重要区别。2. 在独立主格结构中,动词是用现在分词还是过去分词: 一般来说如果逻辑主语和动词之间是主谓关系,用现在分词。但如果逻辑主语和动词之间是动宾关系,并且有被动的意思,用过去分词。3. 独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句。4. 完成时态的运用,在独立主格结构中如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动作时间之前,常用现在分词的完成时态having done, 根据情况确定是用主动还是被动。什么是独立主格答案: 第一部分: 1B 2A 3C 4A 5B 6A 7C 8C 9A 10A 11C 12C 13B 14B 15C 16A 17B 18B 19A 20C 第二部分: 21B 22B 23C 24D 25A 26B 27A 28C 29A 30B 31C 32D 33D 34A 35D 36A 37B 38D 39A 40C 41A 42D 43C 44B 45C 46C 47D 48C 49A 50B 51D 52A 53B 54D 55B 第三部分: 56C 57D 58A 59B 60D 61C 62A 63B 64A 65B 66B 67D 68C 69B 70A 71B 72A 73D 74D 75C 第四部分: One day, while my friend and I was traveling through 76 were Germany, we were not very hungry but we only had a little 77 not money We decided ^ stop at a village market to buy 78 _ to something to eat We choose the cheapest biscuits and 79 chose ate it under a tree We thought the biscuits were great 80 them “Let’s got some more,” I said, “They’re cheap and they 81 get really taste well” My friend could read some German, but 82 good I couldn’t, and I gave her the biscuit bag to find the name 83 go She looked at it and started to laugh, “How are you laughing” 84 why I asked “Because they’re dog biscuits!” She said 85 √ 第二节 One possible version Dear David, I’m glad that you’ve noticed our efforts directed towards environmental protection Thank you for your concern As too much use of plastic bags has caused serious white pollution, our govenment encourages us to use environment-friendly shopping bags These bags are made of a variety of material that can be easily treated when they become rubbish Besides, they can be reused More and more people in China have realized the advantages of such bags and started using them I believe that the wide use of these shopping bags can greatly improve our environment This is one of the many steps we are to make our country an even cleaner place Yours, Li Hua补充2008年安徽卷高考英语试题分析与答案详解第二部分 英语知识运用第一节 单项填空21 The two girls are getting on very well and share _______ with each other A little B much C some D none答案与简析B。本题考查四个代词用法区别。其中选项A little和D none具否定含义,与上文…getting on very well相矛盾,故应排除;选项Csome用作代词,意思是“少许;少数;若干;一些”;选项B much用作代词,意思是“大量;大多”,根据题意,既然关系好,相互分享的东西就会很多。解题思路解答本题的关键有二,其一,区别四个代词含义的不同;其二,联系上下文,关注语境。22 -----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday -----Yes, I did You know, my brother ________ in the match A is playing B was playing C has played D had played答案与简析B。本题考查动词时态。根据题意,该空表示在过去某段时间(yesterday)内正在进行的动作,意思是昨天我弟弟在正在参加比赛,因此,应用过去进行时。解题思路过去进行时是历年高考时态考查重点。解答此类题目的关键是要把握进行时态的三个特点,即“临时性”、“未完成性”和“延续性”。又如:(2007年四川卷)—Did you see a man in black pass by just now —No, sir I ________ a newspaper A read B was reading C would read D am reading本题答案为B,同样表示在过去某段时间里正在进行的动作,具有进行时态的三个特点。23 Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _______ a chair A on B off C into D to答案与简析C。本题考查动词与介词的搭配。“sink into sth”意思是“渗入,陷入,沉入;投入……”等意思,“sink into a chair”意思是“(一屁股)坐到椅子上”。其它搭配均不恰当。解题思路sink into…是一个非常有用的搭配,可与很多名词连用,表示多种意思,如sink into one’s mind(教训等)铭记在某人心中,sink into the sea沉入海中,sink into a deep sleep沉睡。24 To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ________” A Sky B Life C Arts D Voices答案与简析D。本题考查四个名词在上下文中的含义区别。四个选项填入该空中,分别可以译作“拯救天空”、“拯救生命”、“拯救艺术”、“拯救(濒临消失的)语言”(Preserving endangered languages)。根据上文,讨论的话题应该是“拯救(濒临消失的)语言”。解题思路准确理解Save Our Voices和上文的题意是答好本题的关键。25 -----I have some big news for you You’ve been accepted as a member of our club -----_______ That’s great! A Have I B Pardon C Congratulations! D Good idea!答案与简析A。本题考查语言的交际功能。选项AHave I是Have I been accepted as a member of our club的省略。在有清晰的上下文的情况下,口语中尽量使用简洁的表达。选项BPardon用于请求别人重复说过的话;选项CCongratulations!用于祝贺别人取得的成绩;选项DGood idea!用于对别人的建议表示赞同。解题思路准确把握语言在真实的交际环境中使用的得体性是解决此类问题的关键。26 All the neighbors admire this family, _________the parents are treating their child like a friend A why B where C which D that答案与简析B。本题考查定语从句。该空中需用关系副词,在从句中作地点状语从句修饰先行词this family,;选项Awhy作关系副词只能修饰先行词the reason;选项C和D是关系代词,不合题意。解题思路判断定语从句的引导词是用关系代词还是关系副词,可以看从句的句子结构,如果是结构完整的句子,则用关系副词词,否则用关系代词。27----- Hi, Mark How was the musical evening ----- Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _________ and they won the firs prize A skillfully B commonly C willingly D nervously答案与简析A。本题考查副词。四个副词的意思分别是skillfully巧妙地, 技术好地;commonly 一般,普通,通常;willingly自动地,欣然地;nervously 焦急地。上文问音乐晚会怎么样?回答是非常好,自然Ales和Andy是娴熟地(skillfully)表演并获得第一名。解题思路考查单词用法的不同,不能单从词义上考虑,更主要地是考虑到上下文的行文逻辑。28 -----Are you happy with your new computer ----- No, it is _______ me a lot of trouble A showing B leaving C giving D sparing答案与简析C。本题考查动词与名词的搭配。名词trouble可以跟很多动词搭配,表示不同的含义,如:borrow trouble自找麻烦;cause trouble引起麻烦;make trouble制造麻烦;选项C give sb troulbe意思是“给某人添麻烦”,选项Dspare sb further trouble不再麻烦某人。从题意看,我对新电脑并不满意,它给我添了很多麻烦。解题思路trouble是一个搭配很灵活的名词,准备记忆每一个搭配的意思,是掌握trouble用法的关键。29 Students are always interested in finding out _______ they can go with a new teacher A how far B how soon C how often D how long答案与简析A。本题考查四个副词短语的区别。How far有两个用法,其一是用于对距离的提问;其二是询问到什么程度或范围;how soon表示多久以后;how often询问频率;how long询问多长时间。本题是说,学生们想知道他们与新来的教师会相处得如何,how far表示程度,修饰go with a new teacher。解题思路注意四个近似副词短词之间用法的区别。30_______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring A To walk B Walking C Walked D Having walked答案与简析B。本题考查非谓语动词。选项B Walking在这里是现在分词短语用状语,表示时间,相当于While he was walking in the fields on a March afternoon。选项ATo walk不定式放在句首一般作目的状语;选项C Walked表示被动,此处句子主语he与动词walk之间是主动关系;选项D Having walked是现在分词的完成式作状语,表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词(feel the warmth of spring)之前,显然不合题意。解题思路非谓语动词的用法是高考的必考考点,准确掌握不定式,现在分词和过去分词作状语的不同含义是答好本题的关键。31 -----Do you have a minute I’ve got something to tell you -----Ok, ______ you make it short A now that B if only C so long as D every time答案与简析C。本题考查引导状语从句的连接词。四个连接词的词义分别是now that既然;if only要是……多好;so long as 只要;every time每次,每当。题意为“—你有一会空吗?我有点事告诉你。—可以,只要简而言之。”解题思路now that表示原因;if only后一般跟虚拟语气,表示一种愿望;so long as表示条件;every time表示时间。32 -----Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday ----- Yes _______, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city A If ever B If busy C If anything D If possible答案与简析D。本题考查四个句型结构。If ever如果有过的话(如果发生过的话),例如She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema 她难得看** If busy根据题意,是If I am busy的省略,与下文语意矛盾;If anything 意思是“更可能的是,总之”,例如Joe isn’t a bad boy If anything,he’s a pretty good one 乔不是一个坏男孩,总之,他是一个非常好的男孩;if possible如果可能的话。题意为“如果可能的话,我将去城里的一些老年之家看看。”解题思路这四个选项都是相应的状语从句省略而来,其中if ever, if anything, if possible已经成为固定的结构,需要我们在平时的学习中了解其用法。33 I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio A taught B have taught C are taught D have been taught答案与简析D。本题考查动词时态和语态。选项D用现在完成时,表示某一动作从过去到现在一直进行或反复发生。题干中前半部动词like用的是现在时,表示与现在有关的动作,后半部分的时间状语many times表示某个动作反复发生,因此,该空应用现在完成时。解题思路此类题目可以用排除法,先排除A和B,因为这两个选项用的是主动语态,不合题意;再从时态方面考虑。34 -----Good evening Huangshan Hotel -----Good evening ______________ A Do you still have a room for tonight B What would you like, please C Is there anything I can do for you D Who is that speaking, please答案与简析A。本题考查语言的交际功能。从题意看,对话的双方分别是旅馆的服务员和顾客。四个选项中,只有选项A的交际功能才符合顾客的身份。解题思路本题题干中Huangshan Hotel是解题的关键,从中看出对话双方的身份,从而容易理解对话内容。35 Don’t be so discouraged If you ________such feelings, you will do better next time A carry on B get back C break down D put away答案与简析D。本题考查四个短语动词。carry on继续;get back返回(取回,收回);break down破坏;损坏;put away在此处的意思是“打消,放弃,抛弃”。题意为“如果你放弃这种情绪,你下次会做得更好。”解题思路此类题目的四个选项在词义上本身联系不大,做题的关键是理解上下文。第一节 完形填空36 A。guide-book in hand是独立主格结构,作状语,表示方式。37 B。了解一座城市的方式很多,其中之一就是环城徒步旅行,当然,我们还可以借助guide-book来研究(study)其历史和特有的(special)的发展并了解他们。我们不能借助导游手册来写(write)其历史,也不需要讲述(tell)和记忆(remember)其历史。38 D。special是指这个城市所特有的。39 A。上文讲我们可以借助导游手册研究其历史和发展,下文讲如果我们从容一点,在一个城市小住几天,则对其了解更多。此间有转折的意思。40 C。41 A。look at 在本题中有“考虑,判断”的意思,look at …as a whole意思是“从整体上看”。42 D。下文有动词answer,此处是先行词,在定语从句中用answer的宾语,只有questions才能构成动宾关系。43 C。介词like意思是“像”。44 B。run在这里意思是“延伸;延续;继续”(stretch)。例如:The road runs along the river bank 这条路沿着河边一直延伸。45 C。in any other way以其它方式46 C。fail在这里的意思是“使……失望”。从上下文看出,导游手册也不能回答以上这些问题。47 D。present adj 现在的,当前的。48 C。the original design of a town一座城市最初的设计。49 A。what it used to look like 城市过去的样子,与上文the original design of a town相响应。50 B。选项A是疑问代词,用在此处语法结构错误;选项C和D分别指这座城市首次建造的时间和地点,与上文the original design of a town和what it used to look like没有联系;选项B表示这座城市设计建造的方式。51 D。与上句一致,意思是人们还能更多地了解这座城市未来继续发展方向。52 A。point在本句的意思是“用途,目的”。Begin your work now There’s no point in wasting time 现在就开始你的工作吧,耗时间没用。53 B。nearly几乎;generally一般地;hardly几乎不,都不符合题意。simply仅仅,只是。作者以这种方式去了解一座城市的原因很简单,仅仅是通过亲眼去看,去感受一个人就能更获得更大的快乐。54 D。personal亲自的,亲身的,与上一句里的visiting and seeing a town with one’s own eyes意思相一致。55 B。前面有比较级better,这里当然用介词than。第三部分 阅读理解56 C。细节查找题。从短文的第一句话I often dreamed of the time when I could leave home and escape to the city可知答案为C。57 D。细节查找题。短文最后一句I certainly hope to move back there soon 句中的back there指的是上文的back in the countryside。58 A。判断推理题。作者从多个方面表达自己对生活方式的看法。59 B。判断文体题。本文作者以对比的方式表达自己的观点。首先是对比城市生活的缺点和优点(disadvantage and advantage);然后把农村生活的宁静(the peace of the countrside)与城市作比较,表达出作者回归农村的愿望。60 D。本题属于细节查找题。从第一则广告最后可以找到答案。Forms can be collected at 866 United Nations Plaza, # 525 New York, NY 10037。61 C。细节查找题。第一则广告More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure 可知C是正确的。62 A。细节查找题。第二则广告Always swim in line with the shore可知。63 B。主旨大意题。第三则短文的行文顺序是面试开始到面试结束的每个程序。选项B意思是“一次成功面试的步骤”。64 A。判断推理题。短文的第一段和最后一段分别有两句话:People believe that climbing can do good to health Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone 这也分别是每段的主题句。65 B。细节查找题。第二段倒数第三行:The most difficult is to control you fear 66 B。词义推断题。第三段第一句Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercsie for almost everyone这是本段的主题句。下文进一步谈到在进行攀岩时身体的这个部位得到全面锻炼。67 D。判断推理题。全文谈到攀岩的地点、攀岩的注意事项、攀岩的好处等,总之,写作目的是向人们介绍攀岩这项运动。68 C。判断推理题。从第二段的最后几行可知。69 B。第二段第一句Television has not killed reading, however是本段的主题句。上文讲到人们看电视越来越多,行文到此,来一个转折,尽管如此,阅读在人们的日常生活中仍然是必需的。70 A。总结归纳题。第一句…and some types of books should be in every home 接下来详述在每一个家庭中常有哪些类型的书籍。71 B。细节查找题。最后一段Every home should have a good dictionary 可知。72 A。归纳总结题。第一段第一句The small number of newborn babies, … is one of the serious problems in Asia 这是全文的主题句,下句围绕这一主题展开。73 D。细节查找题。从第一段的最后一句可知。74 D。数据计算题。第二段说到每对夫妇每月要支付大约900美元的费用(…, the couple will pay about $ 900 a month)。一年就是90012=10800美元。最后一句…most kindergarten charges are at least $ 5, 000 a year 这样,买一套公寓和供一个孩子上学,一对夫妇一年就要花15,800美元。75 C。判断推理题。从短文的最后一段可知。第Ⅱ卷第四部分 写作第一节 短文改错短文改错中出现的错误基本都是学生平时在英语写作时容易出现的错误,错误类型涉及到各个方面,除了语法错误外,行文逻辑错误是一个常见的考点,也就是要求学生根据上下文的逻辑关系判断正误,而独立地看一个句子,是没有错误,例如第77小题。短文改错的重点和难点也在于行文逻辑错误,如第83小题,从逻辑来看,这里应该有因果关系,所以把and改为so。第二节 书面表达今年的书面表达有三个主要方面的内容,考生可以分别写成三段,即第一段表达对美国笔友关心中国鼓励使用环保购物袋而表示感谢,这是信的开头,第二段是重点,介绍美国笔友感兴趣的问题,即中国为什么鼓励使用环保购物袋和使用情况等等,第三段表明作者自己对这一环保措施的看法。这样就成为结构完整、内容全面的一篇书面表达。为了在书面表达中获得高分,考生要注意短文的写作逻辑合理,行文连贯,适当使用相关的过渡词或过渡句,如to begin with, next, beides, what’s more, as a result 等等。求高考易错英语题“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为主语。“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。有时还可以做定语 。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如:1) 表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home 开完会后我们都回家了。the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was overHer work done, she sat down for a cup of tea 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。her work done相当于when her work was done2) 表示条件The condition being favorable, he may succeed 若条件有利,他或许能成功。the condition being favorable相当于If the condition is favorable3) 表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk 没有出租车,我们只好步行。There being no taxis相当于Since there was no taxis,He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。as the night was dark and frosty4) 表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all)5) 表示补充说明We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。特点(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。(2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即逻辑主语为动作执行者。(3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。(不绝对)3类型编辑独立主格类型1:名词(代词)+现在分词The question being settled, we went home问题解决之后,我们就回家了。We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting 明天假设天气好,我们就进行比赛。The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off 班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。独立主格类型2:名词(代词)+过去分词The job finished, we went home 工作结束后我们就回家了。The last bus gone, we had to walk home 最后一班公车已经走了,我们必须走路回家。More time given, we should have done the job much better 如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。独立主格类型3:名词(代词)+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week 如果明天没有人来,我们将把会议推迟到下周。So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed 有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。独立主格类型4:名词(代词)+介词短语The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。A girl came in, book in hand 一个少女进来了,手里拿着书。He was waiting, his eyes on her back 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。独立主格类型5:名词(代词)+形容词或副词He sat in the front row, his mouth half open 他坐在前排,嘴半开着。She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter 她坐在桌前,衣领已解掉,头低了下来,拿好钢笔,准备开始写一封长信。独立主格类型6:There being +名词(代词)There being nothing else to do, we went home 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。独立主格类型7:It being +名词(代词)It being Christmas, the government offices were closed 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut 由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。高考英语语法:2011年高考英语非谓语动词专题训练2010年高考英语必备――易错点精析终极盘点(特别奉献)易错点1 名词的单复数形式的误判 典例 —What do you think the should do first —They should learn to take as well as share rights in life A grown-up; responsibility B growns-up; responsibility C grown-ups; responsibilities D growns-ups; responsibilities 错因分析 有些考生以为grown是复合名词的中心词,其复数形式应该在grown后面加-s;另一方面认为responsibility是不可数名词,没有复数形式,从而错选B。其实,grown-up没有中心名词,其复数形式应该在up后面加\|s;同时根据语境可知,responsibility指义务,该单词作"义务,职责"讲时,可作可数名词或不可数名词,故正确答案选C。 复合名词的复数形式一般在中心名词后面加\|s,如:looker-on → lookers-on, son-in-law → sons-in-law;但是当复合名词没有中心名词时,其复数形式是在最后的词后面加-s,如:grown-up → grown-ups; go-between → go-betweens。 易错点2 名词的格的误用 典例 —Look! This is —Very beautiful When did she take it A my mother’s picture B my mother in the picture C a picture of my mother D a picture of my mother’s 错因分析 考生可能受汉语思维的影响,错选A或B;也可能受英语双重所有格的影响,错选D。根据语境可知,正确答案选C。 my mother’s picture,意为"我妈妈所拥有的照片",暗含"照片上不一定是我妈妈"; a picture of my mother’s意为"我妈妈所拥有的照片中的一张",同样,暗含"照片上不一定是我妈妈"; a picture of my mother意为"我妈妈的照片(照片中是妈妈)";my mother in the picture意为"照片中我的妈妈",暗含"不是真实的妈妈"。易错点3 名词作定语的误用 典例 —Where does your sister work, Jack —She works in a A shop of cloth B cloth’s shop C shop with clothes D clothes shop 错因分析 有些考生会因为对名词作定语的用法运用不当而错选B。其实,clothes"服装"只有复数形式,而单数形式"布店"应用shop for cloth或cloth shop,因此,根据语境可知,正确答案选D。 名词作定语时一般用其单数形式,然而,名词parents, clothes, sports等,作定语时必须要使用其复数形式。另外,man, woman作定语时,如果中心词是单数,则用其单数形式;如果中心词是复数,则用其复数形式。 易错点4 对不可数名词的应用判断失误 典例 —I find it very difficult to read novel you lent me last week —Yes It’s necessary to have good knowledge of history A the;不填 B a;不填 C the; a D a; a 错因分析 考生可能以为第一空是特指对方上周所借给"我"的小说,故应填定冠词;第二空后面是抽象名词,为不可数名词,不填冠词,于是错选A。然而,此处knowledge之前须用不定冠词,have a good knowledge of意为"对……很了解",是固定搭配,故正确答案选C。 英语中,有些抽象名词,如knowledge, history, failure, success, help, pleasure, surprise, honour等表示抽象概念时,其前面不用不定冠词,如:with pleasure, in surprise等。但是,当表示具体的概念时,其前面须用不定冠词,也可以用其复数形式。 易错点5 对专有名词的应用判断失误 典例 —Do you know Li Ming —Li Ming Which one I know Li Ming in our class very well He is Lei Feng of our times A 不填;不填 B a; a C a; the D the; the 错因分析 有些考生可能以为两个空后面的名词都是人名,前面不用冠词,于是错选A。然而,联系语境可知,答话者至少认识两个李明,而特指他班上的那个李明时前面须用定冠词;后一空的Lei Feng由of our times修饰,说明是我们时代的特征,须用定冠词,故正确答案选D。 人名前面加定冠词,指特定的某个人或某个人的主要特征。地名前面一般不用定冠词,但是当指特定某时期的地方或某地的主要特征时,须用定冠词。如:China → the China (of) today; America → the America of last century; the New York of China等。表姓氏的复数名词前面用定冠词表示夫妇两人或全家人,如:the Greens。 易错点6 定冠词与不定冠词判断失误 典例 —When did you meet her last —I don’t remember exactly, but I’m sure it was Friday when I went to the shop to buy football A a; a B 不填;a C the;不填 D 不填;不填 错因分析 有些考生可能认为这两个空后面的名词前都不用冠词,从而错选D。其实,指一个特定的星期几时前面须用不定冠词;表示一个足球时,前面也须用不定冠词,故正确答案选A。 表星期几的名词前面一般不用冠词,但是当指某一个特定的星期几时,前面要加不定冠词。球类活动中,表球类的名词前不用冠词;音乐活动中,表乐器名称的名词前须用定冠词。但是,当它们不指活动,而是指具体的某件东西时,须用适当的冠词。 易错点7 冠词与零冠词应用判断失误 典例 —What do you think is the difference between man and woman —I don’t think there’s any difference A the; the B a; a C 不填;不填 D a; the 错因分析 有些考生可能认为,表示类别时,名词前面须用不定冠词或定冠词,于是错选A或B。其实,man, woman, mankind的单数表示类别时,用零冠词。因此,正确答案选 C。 除了上述情况用零冠词外,下列几种情况也须用零冠词:表示家人(包括保姆、厨师、家庭教师在内)的名词前,但该类名词的首字母往往大写;表示种类的短语kind of, sort of, type of等后面的名词之前;在as / though引导的倒装让步状语从句中,放在句首的名词前;用by表示交通方式的短语中等。 易错点8 受思维定式的制约 典例 —Remember that where and when two different English question words —I see, but can you tell us how to use them, sir A be B is C are D being 错因分析 有些考生没有弄清题意,就想当然地认为用where and when提问时,谓语动词用单数形式,于是错选B。其实,这里是指where和when这两个特殊疑问词,故正确答案选 C。 考生应该从思维定式中走出来,不要被一些假象所迷惑,而应该从实际语境出发,对题目进行仔细的考虑。易错点9 典型数词的误用 典例 It is not rare in that people in fifties are going to university for further education A 90s;the B the 90s;/ C 90s;their D the 90s;their 错因分析 考生很可能错选B或C。"世纪"和"年代"均为特指概念,故第一个空要用定冠词the,表示特指,如:in the 1980s/1980’s(在20世纪80年代),in the 90s/90’s(在90年代),选项A和C首先被排除;又因为"in one’s+整十的基数词的复数形式"为一个固定的结构,意为"在某人几十多岁时",故 D为本题的正确答案。 考生要注意当表示"几十多岁"时,要用整十的基数词的复数形式来表示。 易错点10 it 用作形式主语及形式宾语时判断失误 典例 I would appreciate if you could come and help me with my work A that B it C this D one 错因分析 很多考生认为this或that可以指代上文或下文所出现的内容,于是误选A或C。其实,用于指代后面整个句子的内容且作形式宾语时,只能用it,于是正确答案选 B。 在英语中,有些动词,如:appreciate, hate, like, dislike, make, put等后面不能直接跟从句,而要用it作形式宾语。 易错点11 it, one, that, those, ones等的用法区别 典例 —Would you like to buy a car here —Yes, but I’d like to buy made in Shanghai A one B that C it D this 错因分析 许多考生认为此处应该用it或that指代说话双方所说的车,于是误选B或C。根据语境可知,上海制造了许多小汽车,答话者只想买其中的一辆,故正确答案选 A。 指代上文提到的名词时,it指代上文提到的那个东西,即同类同物;that指代抽象的事物或上文提到的同类事物的另一件东西,可替代可数名词,也可替代不可数名词,表示特指;而one指代上文提及事物中的其中一件,只能替代可数名词,表示泛指。 错点12 the other(s), other(s), another, the rest等的用法区别 典例 I have done much of the work Could you please finish in two days A the rest B the other C another D the others 错因分析 本题考生易误选D项。其实本题是对the rest用法的考查。选项B、C均修饰可数名词,选项D相当于"the other+可数名词复数"结构,这三个选项用在本题中都不合适。the rest指代名词时,既可以指代可数名词复数,也可以指代不可数名词。在本题中,the rest指代不可数名词,相当于the rest of the work,故选项 A为本题的正确答案。 当the rest作主语时,谓语动词单复数的使用要由the rest所指代的内容来决定。 易错点13 同级比较的用法易错点 典例Nowadays the roles of husband and wife are not as defined as before, especially when both partners work and earn money for the family Aclear Bclearer Cclearly Dmore clearly 错因分析 考生易分辨不清词性而误选A项。根据语法知识可知,as as 为同级比较结构,as与as之间要用形容词或副词的原级,故选项B和D首先被排除;又由于此处defined作动词,它要用副词来修饰,故选项 C为本题的正确答案。 在高考英语中,同级比较问题是一个常考点。其结构为:"so/as+玜dj/adv(原级)+as",其中的so as 结构只能用于否定结构中;而as as 结构既可以用于肯定结构中,又可以用于否定结构中,如: She isn’t as/so nice as her sister 她不像她姐姐那么好。 易错点14 形容词和副词的一些固定用法的误用 典例—Have you been to New Zealand —No I’d like to, Atoo Bthough Cyet Deither 错因分析 分析句意可知,横线处应填一个表示转折关系的词,选项A和D首先被排除;yet表示转折关系时,后应接一个从句,故选 B项。 though用作连词时,意为"虽然",引导让步状语从句,通常可以与连词although互换,如: Though/Although they are poor, they are generous尽管他们很穷,但他们很慷慨。 另外,though还可以用作副词,意为"然而"或"但是",表示转折关系。它位于句尾时,其前通常要有一个逗号;当它位于句中时,其前后通常各用一个逗号,它的这种用法与副词however一样。要注意,although是没有这种用法的。 易错点15 几个情态动词的特殊用法易错点 典例 Don’t play with the dog, Jack, for it be dangerous at times A shall B should C can D must 错因分析 很多考生认为玩狗将很危险或者肯定很危险,从而误选A或D。其实,shall用于第二、三人称表示"允许,命令,警告,威胁"等;should表示"应该";must表示"必须,一定"等;而can除了表示"能,能够"外,还可表示"(有时)会,可能会"等。根据语境及情态动词的意义比较可知,正确答案选 C。 情态动词can在高考英语中的出现率很高,它的其他常考点┤缦陋: can可以表示能力,表示客观的可能性,表示请示和允许,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。主要用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。用于肯定句中表推测时,指理论上的可能性,并不涉及是否真的发生。 易错点16动词的一般过去时与现在完成时误用 典例 — you read the story —Yes I it at school A Have; read B Did; read C Have; have read D Did; have read 错因分析 有些考生认为,两个人说话时,所用的时态应该是一致的,于是误选B或C。其实,问话者指的是结果,而答话者虽然强调的是地点,但是地点暗示动作发生在过去,于是正确答案选 A。 动词时态的运用不仅要从时间状语上进行确定,而且还要从地点状语所暗示的时间关系上来推敲。如: (1)表示过去时间的词或短语:yesterday, last night, last week, this morning, in 2006等。 (2)表示动作发生的地点:at home/school, in the factory, on one’s way to等。易错点17 动词的一般过去时与过去进行时误用�典例—What did you do last night� —I my homework but nothing else � A did B was doing C has done D had done�错因分析 有些考生看到上文提及的时间状语last night,马上想到用过去时,于是误选A。其实,从后面的信息"but nothing else"可以看出,回话者强调昨晚一直在做作业,于是正确答案选B。� 过去时表示过去已经做了的事情,常与过去时间状语连用,暗含完成;过去进行时也可与过去时间状语连用,但是强调在过去某时间内一直在做某事,没有做别的事,但不一定完成。如:�I read the story last night 我昨晚看了这个故事。�I was reading the story last night 我昨晚一直在看这个故事。�易错点18 忽视标志性的时间状语�典例—I don’t suppose the police know who did it�—Well, surprisingly they do A man has been arrested and now�Ahas been questioned Bis being questioned�Cis questioning Dhas questioned�错因分析 考生易误选A项,认为题目中的and为一个并列连词,与其前面的时态应该一致。由题目中的标志性时间状语now可知,横线处应用进行时态,又由于动词question与主语a man之间为动宾关系,故选项B为本题的正确答案。� 注意,并列连词and前后要求接相同的结构,如:�My cousin went to Canada two years ago He worked there for a few months and then went to America�我堂兄两年前去了加拿大。他在那里工作了几个月,然后去了美国。�但有时须根据具体的语境来判断(如本题)。�易错点19 主动语态与被动语态误用�典例It’s said that a car accident on the highway this morning � A happens B happened �C was happened D has been happened�错因分析 有些考生认为,物作主语时,句子用被动语态,于是误选C。其实,happen为不及物动词,没有被动形式,故正确答案选B。�在英语中,不及物动词,如:happen, occur, take place等不能用于被动语态。此外,有些及物动词,如:sell, read, write, wash等可用作不及物动词,主动形式后接副词作状语,表示事物的性质、状况等。如:�The passage reads easily 这篇文章容易读。�易错点20 忽视逻辑关系和语境关系�典例I in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China�Alived Bwas living Chave lived Dhad lived�错因分析 考生很容易误选C项,这是因为考生不了解一般过去时态与现在完成时态的区别。若用C项,原句则表示"目前(说话时),人还在伦敦居住",但这与but分句句意"但到目前为止我也没有后悔最终回国的决定"相矛盾。而选项A表示"过去在伦敦住了多年,现在已经不在那里了",故正确答案为A。� 在英语中,一般过去时态与现在完成时态在用法上有很大的不同。现在完成时态和一般过去时态的主要区别在于前者与现在有关,并且对现在还有一定的影响;而后者仅单纯地谈过去的事情,与现在没有任何联系。�易错点21 其他一些结构的误用�典例Sarah, hurry up I’m afraid you won’t have time to before the party� A get changed Bget change Cget changing Dget to change�错因分析 考生很有可能误选D项。在英语中,除了可以用be构成被动语态,也可以用get来构成被动语态,这里的get changed相当于get dressed,意为�"换�衣服"。故答案为A项。get done在很多时候还可以表示不好的事情。例如:�Be careful when you cross this very busy street If not, you may get run over by a car�易错点22 意义相近的结构混用�典例He told us an interesting story about himself, why he didn’t succeed that time � A explain B to explain C explained D explaining�错因分析 很多考生会认为此处应用不定式结构表示目的,从而误选B。其实,考生没有注意到前后两部分间的逗号,逗号后面部分表示一种伴随状况。正确答案为D项。�不定式作目的状语时,位于句首,常用逗号与后面句子分开,而位于句末时常不用逗号与前面句子分开。作结果状语时,不定式表示一种出乎意料之外的结果;而动词-ing形式表示事情发展的一种自然结果。如:�I hurried to the airport, (only) to find that the plane had taken off �我匆匆忙忙赶到机场,结果发现飞机起飞了。�He was working very hard last year, passing the test successfully �去年他一直努力学习,顺利通过了这个测试。�易错点23 连词与分词的连用错误�典例Children will work actively if � A praise B praised C praising D to praise�错因分析 有些考生会认为if后要用动词-ing形式,或用不定式表示还未发生的行为,于是误选C或D。其实,这是条件状语从句的省略形式,根据主语与动词的关系可知,孩子们受到表扬,于是正确答案选B。�在时间、条件、让步、比较等状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且谓语部分含有be动词时,则可将从句的主语与be动词同时省略。如:�The old man will be very excited when talking (=he is talking) about his past experiences She will be unhappy if (she is) criticized �易错点24 with复合结构�典例With his work on time, he felt very excited � A to be finished B to finish C finishing D finished�错因分析 许多考生会认为,"工作"与"完成"之间为动宾关系,从而误选A。其实,不定式表示要做的事情,而过去分词表示已经完成的事情。根据句子内容可知,工作已经完成,于是正确答案选D。�在"with + n + 非谓语动词"结构中,非谓语动词可以是不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式等。不定式主动形式表被动意义,暗含将要做的事情;动词-ing形式表示名词发出的动作;动词-ed形式表示名词承受的动作,暗含过去已经完成。如:�With so much work to do, I’m afraid I can’t go to your party�With Li Ping helping me, I finished my work on time �With his pen lost, he borrowed one from me �易错点25 逻辑主语的判断错误�典例In order to improve English, �A Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes�B Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself�C a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny�D a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father�错因分析 考生很有可能误选A项或D项。其实,in order to improve English可以看成是to improve English的变形,根据语法知识可知,主句的主语为人,选项C和D可以首先被排除。再由句意可知,选项B为正确答案。�动词不定式的逻辑主语为执行不定式to do这个动作的人或物。动词不定式的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语、宾语,有时还可以是介词for或of的宾语。如:�Jack is late again It is typical of him to keep others waiting易错点26 独立主格结构的判断错误�典例Seeing her father, the little girl ran to him, her schoolbag behind her A flying B flew C to fly D was flying�错因分析 有些考生会把后面部分当做一个句子,而句子缺少谓语动词,于是误选B或D。其实,前后两部分之间是逗号,说明后面部分不是句子。然而,选项C表示还未发生的动作,显然与语境不符,因此正确答案选A。�在英语中,一般说来,非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,就必须在其非谓语动词之前加上适当的名词或代词。这样,"名词或代词+非谓语动词"就构成了独立主格结构,在句子中作状语。高中英语非谓语动词作状语 15个高考考点一网打尽!《2011年高考英语非谓语动词专题训练》由留学英语组我整理(wwwliuxue86com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。 1It remains_____whetherthis teaching method will be better than that one A to see B to be seen C seeing D seen 2Helen had to shout____above the sound of music A making herself hear B to make herself hear C making herself heard D to make herself heard 3_______in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car A Waiting B to wait C having waited D to have waited 4 The children went home from the grammar school, theirlessons ____ for the day A finishing B finished C had finished D went finished 5LeonardodaVinci_____ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free A is said to be buying B is said to have bought C had said to buy D has said to be bought 6 ________ in 1963, and ________ in Philadelphia, Charles Pettigrew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz A Born; raised B Being born; having raised C Was born; was raised D Born; raising 7 —Who would you like to see at the moment —The man ________ Mr Grant A called himself B we call him C calling himself D is called 8 ________ in an atmosphere of simple life was what her parents wished for A The girl was educated B The girl educated C The girl's being educated D The girl to be educated 9 We should put away all medicines out of reach of children and make sure they are not left ________ A lie round B laying around C lain round D lying around 10 There are many old trees in our school, each ________ about 100 years ago A dates back to B dating from C dated back D which dated to 11 The professor ________ you at the party was my tutor (导师) A making himself knowing B making him known for C making himself known to D makes he known to 12 ________ blood if you can and many lives ________ be saved A To give, may B Give, will C Giving, can D Given, must 13 The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair___________ A flowed in the breeze B was flowing in the breeze C were flowing in the breeze D flowing in the breeze 14 _____around Tian'anmen Square, the tourists were taken to visit the Palace Museum A Showing B Having shown C Being shown D Having been shown 15 If a solution ________ the rivers against pollution is found, then our living surroundings will be improved A to protect B protecting C to protecting D protect 16 ________ untidy, his bedroom needs doing out A Look B Looking C Looked D To look 17 He could feel the earth ________ at that time and his hands ________ cold A to move, was felt B moved, was feeling C moving, felt D was moved, was felt 18 What would you rather ________, the door or the roof of the house A get repaired B to get repaired C to have repaired D make repair 19 ________ like a great idea, what he said was accepted by all present immediately A Sounded B Sounds C To sound D Sounding 20 ________ their inexperience, they've done a good job A Giving B To give C Give D Given 21 —What's the population of your city —About four million people It seems small ________ to Beijing A compared B to compare C comparing D being compared 22 Not having finished their jobs, ________ to leave the company A the boss forbade them B they were forbidden C so they were forbidden D and they preferred 23 With many important affairs considered ________, the manager decided to hold a meeting to discuss about them A to solve B being solved C solving D solved 24 —Would you please join us in this computer game —Thank you, but I'd rather ________ A not to B not join C not do D not 25 ________ to give up smoking, he threw away his ________ cigarettes A Determined; remained B Determined; remaining C Determining; remained D Determining; remaining 26 ________ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience A Having caught B Being caught C Caught D Having been caught 27 The young man we followed stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction A seeing B to have seen C having seen D to see 28 Thank you for the great trouble you've had ________ me with my computer work A helping B to help C with helping D for helping 29 The houses ________ by the first company will be completed by the end of this year A being built B built C to be building D to build 30 ________ by what everyone says about him, he has a good chance of winning A Judged B To Judge C Having Judged D Judging 答案与解析 1 Bit 作形式主语,remain 后跟to do sth 作表语。See与主语从句是动宾关系,所以用to be seen。 2 D herself与hear之间构成动宾关系,所以用过去分词昨make 的宾语补足语,用不定式表示目的状语。 3 C这是现在分词作状语表时间,可以排除BD 选项。A项waiting是现在分词的一般式,所表示的动作往往和主句谓语动词的动作同时发生。C项having waited 所表示的动作往往已经发生或先于主句谓语动词发生 4 B那天的课程一结束,孩子们纷纷从那所语法学校回到家里。逗号不能链接2个句子当2个句子表示并列时需要并列连词,所以排除CD。由于没有连词课判断逗号后是独立主格结构。Lessons与动词finish之间是动宾关系,故排除A。 5 B据说达芬奇常买一些被关在笼子里的鸟去享受放飞他们的乐趣。根据句意课排除CD两项,在AB两项的选择中课考虑buy发生在said之前。因此应用sbis said to have done结构,而 sb,is said to be doing表示据说某人正在做某事,故排除A项。 6 A Charles Pettigrew“被生下来和被抚养”。 7 C The man与call是主动关系,用现在分词作定语“自称Mr Grant的那个人”。 8 C动名词的复合结构作主语。 9 D由句意判断用表示“位于”的不及物动词lie,用现在分词作主补。 10 B date from是不及物的,用现在分词,each dating from…相当于and each (tree) dates from… 11 C因The professor与make是主动关系,用现在分词;使自己被别人了解,know用过去分词。make oneself k nown to sb =introduce oneself to sb 12 B这是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型。 13 D her long hair与flowing是主动关系,这是“独立主格结构”作状语。 14 D the tourists与show是被动关系,show发生在谓语之前,用完成式。 15 C sullution / way to的to是介词,后接动名词。 16 B look是系动词,属不及物动词,用现在分词用状语,Looking untidy,… = As his bedroom looks untidy,… 17 C第一空是feel sb / sth doing (感觉到…在做…);第二空后是cold,可知feel是系动词,没有被动语态,与前面的felt并列,也用一般过去式。 18 A would rather直接接动词原形;get sth done=have sth done请人做。 19 D Sounding like…=As what he said sounded like… 20 D Given用作介词,意为“考虑到”。 21 A表示“与…比起来”用compared with,这是固定搭配。 22 B Not having finished their jobs的逻辑主语应当为they,意义才通。 23 A “有难题要解决”用不定式作定语;其中considered也是作定语的。 24 D不定式的省略,I'd rather not=I'd rather not join you… 25 B Determined to give up smoking=As he was determined to give up smoking; remain是不及物动词,只能用现在分词作定语,表示“剩下的”。 26 B动名词短语作主语,主句谓语是is quite an unpleasant experience。 27 D发生在谓语之后,用不定式:as if to see…=as if he was to see… 28 A 因have trouble (in) doing sth 是固定句型。 29 A由will可知,这些房子正在被建,用being built作定语。 30 D因为judging from是固定的独立结构 《2011年高考英语非谓语动词专题训练》由留学英语组我整理(wwwliuxue86com)高考英语非谓语动词作状语考点解析与实战在高考英语学习中,非谓语动词作状语是一个常考且重要的语法点。本文将带你深入解析近10年高考真题中涉及的非谓语动词作状语的考点,并提供解题步骤,帮助你全面掌握这一知识点。一、非谓语动词作状语解题步骤1 识别逻辑主语:首先,找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语,这是理解非谓语与主句关系的基础。2 判断关系:根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系,判断使用现在分词还是过去分词。如果是主动关系,使用现在分词;如果是被动关系,使用过去分词。3 考虑完成式:若非谓语动词为分词且其动作发生在谓语动词之前,需使用分词的完成式。二、非谓语动词作状语的15个具体考点通过分析近10年高考语法真题,以下列举了涉及非谓语动词作状语的15个常见考点:1 不定式作目的状语:如“要见效果,你不必跑的太快或太久”,使用不定式表示目的。2 不定式作结果状语:如“给予新的医疗设备,更多患者被治疗”,使用不定式表示结果。3 不定式作原因状语:如“全神贯注于绘画,约翰没有注意到傍晚的到来”,使用不定式表示原因。4 现在分词作结果状语:如“医院获得新设备,让患者在炎热的天气中感到凉爽”,使用现在分词表示结果。5 现在分词作原因状语:如“想知道妈妈如何快速消耗它们,我开始观察她的日常”,使用现在分词表示原因。6 现在分词作伴随状语:如“阳光明亮刺眼,投射出锋利的阴影在地上”,使用现在分词表示伴随。7 现在分词作时间状语:如“我在海上航行的快乐与现在与学生一起的快乐相同”,使用现在分词表示时间。8 现在分词作条件状语:如“天气允许,聚会将在花园举行”,使用现在分词表示条件。9 过去分词作原因状语:如“被全神贯注于绘画所震撼,约翰没有注意到傍晚的到来”,使用过去分词表示被动原因。10 过去分词作条件状语:如“如果接受这份工作,你将很快得到通知”,使用过去分词表示条件。11 过去分词作时间状语:如“演讲结束后,活跃的问答环节开始”,使用过去分词表示时间。12 过去分词作让步状语:如“尽管惊讶于我们的到来,教授还是热情地欢迎了我们”,使用过去分词表示让步。13 现在完成时的现在分词作伴随状语:如“许多中国品牌在数百年的发展中面临现代市场的挑战”,使用现在分词完成式表示伴随。14 状语从句的省略:如“政府鼓励农民种玉米而非水稻,以改善水质”,使用省略句表示目的。15 独立主格结构:如“聚会将在花园举行,天气允许”,使用独立主格结构表示条件。通过深入解析这些考点,你可以更全面地理解非谓语动词作状语的用法,并在高考中准确应用。关注“高中英语满分研究”获取更多实战练习,助你巩固知识点,提高解题能力。