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大学英语语法必考知识点 导语:语法包含词的构词、构形的规则和组词成句的规则。下面是我整理的大学英语语法必考知识点,欢迎参考! 1 语态和时态 —Do you see tho...
大学英语语法必考知识点 导语:语法包含词的构词、构形的规则和组词成句的规则。下面是我整理的大学英语语法必考知识点,欢迎参考! 1 语态和时态 —Do you see those people on the little sandy island —Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour I wonder why A were waving B waved C had waved D have been waving 正确答案D 高考考点考查动词时态。现在完成进行时:表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作,一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束,句中常出现用for, since, how long等引导的时间状语。eg His telephone has been ringing for a long timeeg It has been raining since last Sunday eg How long have you been wearing glasses 题干句意“你有没有看见那些在小岛上的人”“是的,我看见了。他们在过去的半小时里一直在挥手帕,我不知道为什么。” 详细解析这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的,然后一直在挥,一直挥到了说话的这个时候,所以我们用的是一个现在完成进行时,强调一个动作的持续。我们再来看一下其他几个时态: A选项是were waving——过去进行时,它指的是:①过去某一时刻正在进行;②过去某一阶段正在进行;Bwaved——过去时,过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作,所以我们知道A和B这两个时态都是和过去有关,而和现在是没有一点关系的,所以A和B这两个答案错了。 C had waved——过去完成时:过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态,那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去,例如:eg By the end of last year, we had built 5 new schools到去年年底为止,我们已经建造了5所学校。首先,过去的时间是去年年底;而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前,所以我们用过去完成时——had build和现在是更加没有联系了,所以这个答案也是不正确的。 题干中的时间状语是“for the last half hour”,注意这个last不是指“最后的”,而是指“刚才的——在刚才的半个小时里”,那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last half hour、recent这种词的话,我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时,因为它指的是“刚才”,那么肯定指“从刚才到现在”。所以本题答案是D 2 名词性从句 The information could be helpful to ____will take over the job A those B who C whoever D anyone 正确答案C 高考考点考查名词性从句,顾名思义就是名词,它可充当主语、表语、宾语和同位语,所以相应的名词性从句也分为有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。此题考的就是介词to后的宾语从句。 题干句意“这个消息可能会对任何将接管这个工作的人有所帮助。”whoever = anyone who“任何怎么怎么样的人”所以这个答案是正确的。我们再来看其他几个答案为什么不对呢高考英语语法必考点 详细解析A选项是those,如果those填在这里的话就会变成缺少关系代词who,如选those,那those will take over the job“那些人将会取代这个工作”,它就变成了一个独立的句子,而不是一个从句,更加就不是一个宾语从句了,所以从原则上说它是错误的,那么怎样改才是正确的呢很简单,只要在这个those的后面加一个关系代词who,把它变成一个定语从句——those who will take over the job,“那些将要接管这个工作的人”,那么这样就可以了。 B选项是who在名词性从句中表示疑问,eg Who will take over the job has not been decided yet D选项是anyone,错误的原因也是缺少关系代词who 比较those who和anyone who,前者是“那些……的人”,后者表示“任何……的人”。区别就是在于those who是一个复数的概念,“那些人”,后面的谓语动词要用复数;而anyone who是表示任何一个人,后面要用单数的谓语动词。 3 虚拟语气和情态动词 —David, we went to Lake Geneva for the weekend —That _______ a very nice change I wish I had gone there A must be B must have been C could be D could have been 正确答案B 高考考点考查情态动词。 首先A和B里面都有must,must表推测,它表示“肯定…”,这个语气是非常确定的,百分之百的;那么当must表推测的时候呢,它还可以表示不同的时间,例如: 第一,must be表示的是“现在的状态”,He must be a teacher 他肯定是一个老师。 第二,must be doing表示“现在进行的动作”,They must be having a meeting in the office他们现在肯定正在办公室里开会。 第三,must have done表示“过去发生的事情”,You must have met him yesterday你昨天肯定见过他了。让我们看一下将“must have been”填到题干里面是否正确句意:“David,我们周末去了日内瓦湖。”“哦,那肯定是一个非常好的改变,我希望我也去那里了。”这里是表示一个肯定的推测;又因为是上个周末的事情,说明这件事情已经发生了,我们所以用B must have been,而不是A。 详细解析C选项是could轻微的怀疑或委婉的陈述看法,“可能”eg His story could be true, but I hardly think it is他所说的这个故事可能是真的,但是我基本上不相信。 D选项是could have done虚拟语气,某事过去有可能发生而实际没有,“本来可以”,表示惋惜、遗憾 eg The accident could have been prevented这个车祸原本是可以避免的。eg You could have done better, but you didn't try your best你原本是可以做的更好的,但是你并没有尽自己最大的努力。 4 代词 Knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates his ideas to _______ by means of speech A other B another C the other D an other 正确答案B 高考考点考查代词 详细解析other用作代词时,意为“另一个”、“别人”,不单独使用:the other, others, the others 1 the other ① 两者中的另一个,与one连用(就两者),one hand / the other hand ② 用作定语 + [pl],另一方中的“全部其余的” I like this book, and I like the other books too 我喜欢这本书,我也喜欢其他所有的书。 2 others是other的[pl],泛指“别的人或物”(但不含全部) 。eg Some are carrying water; others are watering the trees 一些人在提水,另外一些人在浇树。(others指的“其他人”不是剩下的全部,而是“一部分”) 3 the others是the other的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”。eg I have ten pencils Two of them are red, and the others are blue我有10支铅笔,其中的两支是红色的,其余的(8只)是蓝色的。 4 another用作代词时,常与one组合构成one …another,“另一个人”、“另一回事”,指同一组内的两个个体。eg One person may like fishing, while another may prefer hunting一个人可能是喜欢钓鱼,而另一个可能喜欢打猎。(世界上不可能有2个人,所以它指的是没有一个特指的,“其他一个人”) 题干句意知识是开始增加的,当一个个人把他的想法通过语言表达给另一个人的时候。这里指的是另一个人,并没有一个特指的范围说是谁,是哪里的另外一个人,所以用one …another。D选项没有这种用法。 5 非谓语动词 Almost every one of the graduates wants to deliver the keynote speech at the graduation ceremony For the speaker, _______is an honour A invited B being invited C be invited D inviting 正确答案B 高考考点考查非谓语 详细解析遇到动词要考虑四点:① 先判断是谓语还是非谓语;② 主语;③ 主语和非谓语动词的主/被动关系;④ 非谓语动词与谓语动词的时间关系eg Being exposedto the sun for too much time will do harm to one's skin在太阳下暴露太久对皮肤有害。 eg The girl's being educated in a good environment is what her parents have expected这个女孩在一个良好的环境中受到教育是她父母所期望的。 A选项 invited是过去分词不能充当主语。C选项be invited不是非谓语形式。非谓语要么是to do不定式,要么是动名词ing,要么是现在分词ing,或者是过去分词ed D选项语态错误,应该用被动。 ;高考英语语法复习系列讲座-名词性从句 高考英语语法填空考点一 若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词也没有分号或句号,一般是填连词:Eg He envied the farmers who hadthe beautiful night stars to give them light ______ his family hadonly expensive lanterns(答案:while/because/as)(2009 广州普通高中毕业班综合测试一) 若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等):Eg The appointment clerksaid that the doctor ______ see her at 3:30(答案:could) 若缺状语,一般是填副词(在自由填空中考的较少,即使考,也是些常见的简短的副词,如then 等):Eg If the primarygoal of language use is communication,_______ mistakes are secondaryconsiderations(答案:then) 在冠词后,一般是名词或one(s),other(s)等代词。在这一阶段中,通过长期地分析,学生自然可以掌握语法填空的解题技巧。 Eg But Jane knew from past experience that her ________(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father (答案:choice)(2009 年广东高考) 高考英语语法填空考点二 定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但意义较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物。例如: Take the medicine 把药吃了。 2)上文提到过的人或事。例如: He bought a house I’ve been to the house 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一无二的事物。例如: the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth等。 4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物。例如: the dollar,the fox等。 或与形容词、分词连用,表示一类人。例如: the rich,the living等。 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面。例如: Where do you live I live on the second floor 你住在哪我住在二层。 That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for 那正是我要找的东西。 6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。例如: They are the teachers of this school (指全体教师) They are teachers of this school (指部分教师) 7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如: She caught me by the arm 她抓住了我的胳膊。 8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如: the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如: She plays the piano 她会弹钢琴。 10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。例如: the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11)用在惯用语中。例如: in the day,in the morning(afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow,the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky(water,field,country),in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle(of),in the end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre 高考英语语法填空考点三 1)国名、人名前通常不用定冠词:例如: England,Mary 2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词。例如: They are teachers 他们是教师。 3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。例如: Failure is the mother of success 失败是成功之母。 4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词。例如: Man cannot live without water 离开水人就无法生存。 5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词。例如: We go to school from Monday to Friday 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。例如: The guards took the American to General Lee 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词。例如: have breakfast,play chess。 8)当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词。例如: by bus,by train。 9)有些个体名词不用冠词。当school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。例如: go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) 10)不用冠词的序数词; a 序数词前有物主代词时。 b 序数词作副词。例如: He came first in the race 他跑步得了第一。 c 在固定词组中。例如: at(the)first,first of all,from first to last语法复习三:名词性从句 在前面我们已经知道了什么是句子我们可以这样解释什么叫从句:在一个句子的前面加上一个连接词,这个句子就变成了从句如果这个从句做了主语,它就是主语从句其它的以此类推 注: 1特殊疑问句本身可以做从句,它不需要加连接词 2所有的从句要使用陈述语序 陈述语序: 句子第一个词永远是主语;第二个词可能是情态动词\助动词等加上动词,或者是动词本身 名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 名词性从句,顾名思义,它具有名词性所以可以作主语,宾语等等回忆一下句子成分那一章 (一)引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词:when, where, why, how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。 3、连接词:that, whether, if, as if, that (二)主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 Who will go is not important 2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。 It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not 3、that引导主语从句时放在句首时,不能省略。 That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised 实用例句: Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the headmaster Does it make any difference who bought these gifts How strange it is that these children are so quiet! 注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether (三)表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。 The question was who could go there 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work 注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether (四)宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 I hope (that) everything is all right 2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或 whether。 I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work I’m interested in what you’ve said 3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 if和whether区别 ①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。 eg I wonder if it doesn’t rain ②用if 会引起误解,就要用whether。 eg Please let me know whether you want to go(此句如果把whether改成if, 容易当成条件句理解) ③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。 eg I don’t know whether or not the report is true I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not ④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。 It depends on whether we have enough time They don’t know whether to go there Please come to see me if you have time 状语从句 实用例句: 使用it作形式宾语 I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project 注意: 形式主语和形式宾语只有一个替代词: it (五)同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。 I have no idea when he will be back The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody 一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句: 1 China is no longer what it used to be 2 The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all 3 It was snowing when he arrived at the station 4 How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all 5 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school 6 The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing 7 That is where Lu Xun used to live 8 He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about 9 Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school 10 I wonder why she refused my invitation 参考答案: 1、表语从句;2、同位语从句;3、不是;4、主语从句;5、同位语从句;6、不是;7、表语从句;8、宾语从句;9、不是;10、宾语从句 二、用适当的连词填空: 1 I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy 2 That’s ____________ he refused my invitation 3 I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time 4 ____________ we need is more time 5 The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody 6 ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet 7 Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for 8 Is that ____________ you are looking for 9 Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is 10 I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not 参考答案: 1 which; 2 why; 3 how; 4 What; 5 that; 6 when, where; 7 who(m); 8 what; 9 where; 10 whether 三、选择填空: 1 Do you see _____ I mean A that B/ C how D what key: D 宾语从句 that引导宾语从句无词义,也不作成分mean是及物动词,必须有宾语所以不选A; how是副词,也不能作mean的宾语what I mean, what I did, what I said,等是一个非常重要的名词结构 2 Tell me_____ is on your mind A that B what C which D why key: B what is on your mind 是what名词结构.句意:告诉我你的心事. 3 We must stick to _____ we have agreed on A what B that C / D how key: A 4 Let me see _____ A that can I repair the radio B whether I can repair the radio C I can repair the radio D whether can I repair the radio key: B 从句使用陈述语序 注意选项C可以看成是省略了that的宾语从句,在语法上来讲它是正确的,但语义不通 5 Keep in mind _____ A that the teacher said B what did the teacher say C that did the teacher say D what the teacher said key: D what名词结构作keep宾语 6 Could you advise me _____ A which book should I read first B what book should I read first C that book I should read first D which book I should read first key: D 7 He was criticized for _____ A he had done it B what he had done C what had he done D that he had done it key: B 8 Would you kindly tell me _____ A how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station C where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station D whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station key: B 9 Mrs Smith was very much impressed by _____ A what had she seen in China B that she had seen in China C what she had seen in China D which had she seen in China key: C 10 We took it for granted ___ A that they were not coming B that were they not coming C they were coming not D were they not coining key: A 11 I really don't know _____ A I should do next B what should I do next C what I should do next D how I should do next key: C 12 I'm afraid _____ A the little girl will have to be operated on B that will the little girl have to operate on C the little girl will have to operate on D that will the little girl have to be operated on key: A 13 She walked up to _____ A where did I stand B where I stood C I stood there D where I stood there key: B where I stood 我站的地方 14 Can you tell me _____ A who is that gentleman B that gentleman is who C who that gentleman is D whom is that gentleman key: C 陈述语序 15 We'll give you _____ A that do you need B what do you need C whatever you need D whether do you need key: C whatever: 1 no matter what 表示让步,副词性 2 anything that ,名词性 如果一个副词性的疑问词加上ever后缀,它只具有副词性如 whenever=no matter when; however 它是一个很特殊的词: 1表示转折关系,副词,词义:然而 2no matter how 无论怎么 16 They want us to know _____ to help us A what can they B what they can C how they can D how can they key: B what they can (do), what作do的宾语 17 We must put _____ into practice A what we have learned B that we have learned C that have we learned D what have we learned key: A 18 Did she say anything about _____ A that the work was to be done B how was the work to be done C that was the work to be done D how the work was to be done key: D 19 He was never satisfied with _____ A what she had achieved B had what she achieved C she had achieved D that she achieved key: A 20 These photographs will show you _____ A what does our village look like B what our village looks like C how does our village look like D how our village looks like key: B 21 Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill A on that B what C that D on which key: C insist 后面加that从句要用虚拟的形式: should+v, should可省略 22 They urged _____ the library open during the vacation A when B where C why D that key: D 同上 23 We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school A what you did B that you had done C that what you did D what did you do key: A 241 will describe to you _____ I saw when there A what B that C which D/ key: A 25 From _____ I should say he is a good worker A what 1 know of him B that I do know of him C what do I know of him D that do I know of him key: A 26 I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it A whomever B anyone C whoever D someone key: C any one who wants to have it 27_____ they will come here hasn't been decided yet A What B That C When D Where key: C 28 _____ was said here must be kept secret A Who B The thing C Whatever D Where key: C 29 It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet A if B that C what D when key: D 30 I'm going anyway _____ she will go is up to her to decide A If or not B Whether or not C If D That key: B 31 It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word A that B what C why D how key: A 32 It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one A what B that C why D where key: B 33 _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right A That B When C What D Whether key: C 34 It has been decided _____ he will be sent there A if B whether C why D that key: D 比较: It hasn't been decided whether he will be sent there 35 It doesn't matter _____he' s come back or not A if B whether C that D when key: B 36 It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time A when B that C why D where key: B 37 It happened _____ I wasn't there that day A when B why C where D that key: D it happened that 碰巧 38_____ you have done might do harm to other people A What B That C Which D The things key: A 39 _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights A Anyone B The person C Whoever D Who key: C anyone who 比较: who left the room last is being looked into 40_____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all A Whether B If C Whenever D That key: D 41 _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake A That B Whoever C Whether D Whether or not key: B anyone who 42 __ we need more equipment is quite obvious A What B Whether C That D Whatever key: C 43 Has it been announced _____ A when are the planes to take off B that are the planes to take off C where are the planes to take off D when the planes are to take off key: D 44 That is _____ we all support his idea A what B why C where D when key: B 45 That’s _____ we should do A that B what C how D why key: B 46 _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said A What; that; what B What; what; what C That; that; what D Why; that; which key: A 47 Things were not _____ they seemed to be A when B why C that D what key: D 48 That’s _____ I want to say A all what B what C all which D what that key: B 49 That’s _____ A where our differences lie B our differences lie there C where do our differences lie D that where our differences lie key: A 50 That is _____ A where lived he there B where did he live C where he lived D that where he lived key: C 51 The questions is _____ A whether is it worth doing B that if it is worth doing C whether it is worth doing D if it is worth doing key: C 52 Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen A how B which C what D as key: C 53 That's_____ A how did I become a teacher B how I became a teacher C how a teacher I became D that I became a teacher key: B 54 They are just _____ A that what shall I have B what shall I have C that I shall have what D what I shall have key: D 55 It looked ____ A as if it was going to rain B that as if it was going to rain C as if was it going to rain D as if that it was going to rain key: A 56 That's_____ A how she did it B that how did she do it C how did she do it D what she did it key: A 注意选项D,多了一个词: it 57 That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off A where B which C that D why key: D 58 That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old A where B at which C there where D when key: A 59 My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them A if B that C when that D that where key: B 60 The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong A what B that C why D if key: B 61 We heard the news _____ our team had won A that B what C whether D why key: A 62 The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all A why B if C that D whether key: C 63I have no idea _____ she will be back A that B where C that when D when key: D 64 We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country A whether B that C why D when key: B 65 They have no idea at all _____ A where he has gone B where did he go C where has he gone D which place he has gone key: A
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