2021年医师系列《中医助理医师》考试题库-中医助理医师-第七单元 妊娠病-

医药卫生-执业医师

阅读理解-Which of the following is true according to the text?

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.　　It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.　　Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).　　Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.　　The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

阅读理解

A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.

B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.

C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.

D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.

我个人认为这个应该是：D

解析：推断题。第一段第二句“一种不为人们注意的不公正仍然很普遍，即按字母顺序排列的习惯”是本文的主旨句。随后作者围绕这一主题展开论述。另外，文章最后一句进一步阐明了这个问题：“Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them”求职者的候选名单、选举投票、大会发言人和参会人的名单，如果这些都按照字母排序的话，他们的接受者在这个过程中会失去兴趣。也就是说，按照字母来排序可能会导致人们无意识产生的偏好。A项过于极端，而B、C项文中没有提及，故选D。